Throat Disorders & CONDITIONS

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. While mild cases may resolve with rest and medication, recurrent or severe cases may require surgical intervention.

Pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx. It can result from viral infections, such as the common cold, or bacterial infections, like streptococcus. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with antibiotics prescribed for bacterial infections.

Laryngitis is the larynx inflammation (voice box), leading to hoarseness or loss of voice. It can be acute or chronic, with causes ranging from viral infections to vocal strain. Voice rest and hydration are typical treatments, but chronic cases may need further evaluation.

Sleep apnea is a serious condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type, often caused by throat muscles intermittently relaxing and blocking the airway. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, or surgery.

GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of the esophagus and throat, leading to chronic sore throat, cough, or laryngitis. Management includes dietary changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.

Like tonsils, adenoids are lymph nodes in throat but unlike tonsils, adenoids can’t be seen easily through the mouth as these are situated in the nasopharynx region higher behind the nose and close to the roof of the mouth (soft palate).

An infection in adenoids causes their enlargement and breathing through nose becomes quite troublesome.